An image of the entire earth at nighttime is assembled for the first time. It consists of a mosaic of photographs, all taken at local midnight in the 400-1100 nm band, made by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program over the period 1974-84. Photographs were selected for freedom from clouds, lack of moonlight, high sensitivity, and suitability to illustrate various temporal phenomena. The image primarily reveals activities of humankind such as urban street lighting, rangeland burning, slash-and-burn agriculture, natural gas burnoffs in oilfields, and squidding. Although light pollution in urban areas creates a striking map, at the same time it devastates astronomical observation and removes much of humankind from any familiarity with the night sky.
Air Pollution Control Engineering Ebook Free Download
In developing countries in Latin America, Asia, and Africa, light pollution takes a particular aspect due to the social and economical situation. The official reluctance to solve unpopular problems combined with a generalized ignorance create a hostile climate for any campaign in favor of astronomical observatories or amateur associations. The tropical climate makes most energy savings measures unnecessary. Obsolete industrial installations make the application of particle output control difficult or impossible. The most important contribution to air pollution, however, comes from forest fires, some of them as a cheap clearing method, others as an expressions of political discontent. To this must be added that most countries do not have yet a legislature which would permit the imposition of pollution control.
Atmospheric scattering of outdoor nighttime electric illumination produces the principal component of background sky luminance that seriously affects ground-based optical astronomy. The sources for this scattering are Tight emitted skyward directly from luminaires, and light reflected off the ground and other illuminated objects. Careful illumination engineering can thus significantly reduce background sky luminance in two ways: 1) by providing outdoor electric lighting equipment that controls the directions in which light is emitted, and; 2) by proper design of outdoor lighting systems which make efficient use of the east amount of light. Recent developments in applied mathematics and computer software have produced computational tools that are being used to design lighting equipment and lighting systems. The software system for luminaire design significantly reduces the cost of this process by eliminating the need for extensive prototyping and provides for inexpensive experimentation with new designs. The system for outdoor lighting calculations permits the design of highly controlled lighting systems that eliminate glare and upward directed light while providing light appropriate for the visual task. These two software systems are described, along with examples of their use in areas that directly affect astronomical observations.
Publicity is the first and most important tool in efforts to achieve control and reduction of light pollution. It should identify the ways in which light pollution is detrimental to vital human concerns, such as esthetic enjoyment of the heavens, scientific research, and the operation of cost efficient lighting, and take into account the relative importance of the various concerns for each prospective audience or readership.
5 simple steps for helping to cultivate good self-esteem, including a great TED talk by Guy Winch."TED Videos are not officially licensed with any kind of open licensing. However, TED allows the users to freely view and download the videos without restraint. The website is provided as a public service to promote the spread of good ideas."
This textbook introduces students to the application methods of control charts to improve quality in health care. The textbook is written to be accessible to any student in the areas of health information management, health care informatics, and health care industrial engineering. Having a basic background in statistics would be beneficial, but such training is not a prerequisite to understanding how to apply the techniques discussed here. Several How-To sections are included to demonstrate the implementation of the given control charts using software such as Minitab and Excel. Additionally, samples of a Python code are included and can directly be accessed in a Jupyter Notebook at -Control-Charts-Quality-Improvement-Health-Care
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